Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (; ; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist of German descent who was an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures and was described as the "saviour of mothers". Postpartum infection, also known as puerperal fever or childbed fever, consists of any bacterial infection of the reproductive tract following birth and in the 19th century was common and often fatal. Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of infection could be drastically reduced by requiring healthcare workers in obstetrical clinics to disinfect their hands. In 1847, he proposed hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions at Vienna General Hospital's First Obstetrical Clinic, where doctors' wards had three times the mortality of midwives' wards. The maternal mortality rate dropped from 18% to less than 2%, and he published a book of his findings, ''Etiology, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever'', in 1861.Despite his research, Semmelweis's observations conflicted with the established scientific and medical opinions of the time and his ideas were rejected by the medical community. He could offer no theoretical explanation for his findings of reduced mortality due to hand-washing, and some doctors were offended at the suggestion that they should wash their hands and mocked him for it. In 1865, the increasingly outspoken Semmelweis allegedly suffered a nervous breakdown and was committed to an asylum by his colleagues. In the asylum, he was beaten by the guards. He died 14 days later from a gangrenous wound on his right hand that may have been caused by the beating.
His findings earned widespread acceptance only years after his death, when Louis Pasteur confirmed the germ theory, giving Semmelweis' observations a theoretical explanation, and Joseph Lister, acting on Pasteur's research, practised and operated using hygienic methods with great success. Provided by Wikipedia
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Offener Brief an sämmtliche Professoren der Geburtshilfe by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Dr. J. Spaeth ... und an Dr. F. W. Scanzoni ... by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Dr. J. Spaeth, Professor der Geburtshilfe an der k.k. Josefs-Akademie in Wien, und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Würzburg by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Hofrath Dr. Eduard Casp. Jac. v. Siebold, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Göttingen, und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Würzburg by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Die offenen Briefe an Professoren der Geburtshilfe von Dr. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, weil. Prof. zu Pest by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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<<Die>> Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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<<Die>> Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Ätiologie, Begriff und Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers (1861) by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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<<Die>> offenen Briefe an Professoren der Geburtshilfe nebst einem Vorwort und Mittheilungen über Ed. v. Siebold, v. Scanzoni und Spaeth by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Offener Brief an sämmtliche Professoren der Geburtshilfe by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Hofrath Dr. Eduard Casp. Jac. von Siebold, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Göttingen, und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Würzburg... by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Dr. J. Spaeth, Professor der Geburtshilfe an der k.k. Josefs-Akademie in Wien, und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Würzburg by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Die offenen Briefe an Professoren der Geburtshilfe nebst einem Vorwort und Mittheilungen über Ed. v. Siebold, v. Scanzoni und Spaeth by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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<<Die>> Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Dr. J. Spaeth, Professor der Geburtshilfe an der k. k. Josefs-Akademie in Wien, und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni, Professor der Geburtshilfe zu Würzburg / by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Zwei offene Briefe an Hofrath Dr. Eduard Casp. Jac. von Siebold und an Hofrath Dr. F. W. Scanzoni / by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Semmelweis' gesammelte Werke / by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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<<Die>> Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers / by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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Ätiologie, Begriff und Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers : (1861) / by Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp, 1818-1865
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