Charles Estienne
Charles Estienne (; 1504–1564), known as Carolus Stephanus in Latin and Charles Stephens in English, was an early exponent of the science of anatomy in France. Charles was a younger brother of Robert Estienne I, the famous printer, and son to Henri, who Latinized the family name as . He married Geneviève de Berly.After the usual humanistic training he studied medicine, and took his doctor's degree at Paris. He was for a time tutor to Jean-Antoine de Baïf, the future poet. It is uncertain whether he taught publicly. His career was interrupted by the oppressive persecutions in which their religious opinions involved the family.
Éstienne, though from a family whose classical taste was their principal glory, did not betray the same servile imitation of the Galenian anatomy as his contemporary, Jacques Dubois. He appears to have been the first to detect valves in the orifice of the hepatic veins, though his description was vague. He was ignorant, however, of the researches of the Italian anatomists; and his description of the brain is inferior to that given sixty years before by Alessandro Achillini. His comparison of the cerebral cavities to the human ear has persuaded F. Portal that he knew the inferior cornua, the hippocampus and its prolongations; but this is no reason for giving him that honour to the detriment of the reputation of Achillini, to whom, so far as historical testimony goes, the first knowledge of this fact is due.
The researches of Éstienne into the structure of the nervous system are, however, neither useless nor inglorious; and the circumstance of demonstrating a canal through the entire length of the spinal cord, which had neither been suspected by contemporaries nor noticed by successors till Jean-Baptiste de Sénac (1693–1770) made it known, is sufficient to place him high in the rank of anatomical discoverers.
In 1551, when Robert Estienne left Paris for Geneva, Charles, who had remained a Catholic, took charge of his printing establishment, and in the same year was appointed king's printer. In 1561 he became bankrupt, and he is said to have died in a debtors' prison.
His principal works are: *''Praedium Rusticum'' (1554), a collection of tracts which he had compiled from ancient writers on various branches of agriculture, and which continued to be a favorite book down to the end of the 17th century *''Dictionarium historicum ad poeticum'' (1553), the first French encyclopedia *''Thesaurus Ciceronianus'' (1557) *''De dissectione partium corporis humani libri tres'', with well-drawn woodcuts (1545) He also published a translation of an Italian comedy, ''Gli Ingannati'', under the title of ''Le Sacrifice'' (1543; republished as ''Les Abus'', 1549), which had some influence on the development of French comedy; and ''Paradoxes'' (1553), an imitation of the ''Paradossi'' of Ortensio Landi.
His daughter Nicole Estienne became a prolific poet. Provided by Wikipedia
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Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum ... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum ac poeticum ... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Dictionarium historicum ac poeticum omnia gentium, hominum, locorum, fluminum ac montium antiqua recentioràque ad sacras ac prophanas historias, poëtarúmque fabulas intelligendas n... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Discours des histoires de Lorraine et de Flandres au roy tres chrestien Henry 2 by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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De dissectione partium corporis humani libri tres by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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<<La>> dissection des parties du corps humain divisée en trois livres by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Praedium rusticum, in quo cuiusuis soli vel culti vel inculti plantarum vocabula ac descriptiones, earúmque conserièdarum atque excolendarum instrumenta ordine describuntur by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Siben Bücher von dem Feldbau, und vollkommener bestellung eynes ordenlichen Mayerhofs oder Landguts by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Siben Bücher von dem Feldbau, und vollkommener bestellung eynes ordenlichen Meyerhofs oder Landguts by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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XV. Bücher von dem Feldbaw und recht volkommener Wolbestellung eines bekömmlichen Landsitzes, unnd geschicklich angeordneten Maierhofs oder Landguts, ... Deren etliche vorlängst vo... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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XV. Bücher von dem Feldbaw und recht volkommener Wolbestellung eines bekömmlichen Landsitzes, unnd geschicklich angeordneten Meyerhofs oder Landguts, ... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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XV Bücher von dem Feldbaw und recht volkommener Wolbestellung eines bekömmlichen Landtsitzes, unnd geschicklich angeordneten Meyerhofs oder Landguts, ... by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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<<L'>>agriculture et maison rustique by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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<<L'>>agriculture, et maison rustique by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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Agricoltura nuova by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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De re hortensi libellus, vulgaria herbarum, florum, ac fruticum, qui in hortis conseri solent nomina Latinis vocibus efferre docens ex probatis authoribus by Estienne, Charles 1504-1564
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