Otto von Bismarck
Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg, }} (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany. Bismarck's ''Realpolitik'' and firm governance resulted in him being popularly known as the Iron Chancellor ().From Junker landowner origins, Otto von Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussian politics under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. He served as the Prussian ambassador to Russia and France and in both houses of the Prussian parliament. From 1862 to 1890, he held office as the minister president and foreign minister of Prussia. Under Bismarck's leadership, Prussia provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. After Austria's defeat in 1866, he replaced the German Confederation with the North German Confederation, which aligned the smaller North German states with Prussia while excluding Austria. In 1870, Bismarck secured France's defeat with support from the independent South German states before overseeing the creation of a unified German Empire under Prussian rule. From 1871 onwards, he used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a peaceful Europe. While averse to maritime colonialism, Bismarck ultimately acquiesced to elite and popular opinion by building an overseas empire.
Throughout his career as Chancellor, Bismarck was loyal to German Emperor Wilhelm I who steadfastly supported his policies against the advice of Wilhelm's wife and son. As the architect of Germany's domestic policies, he created the first modern welfare state, which also had the effect of undermining his socialist opponents. In the 1870s, he allied himself with the anti-tariff, anti-Catholic Liberals while repressing the Catholic Church in the ''Kulturkampf'' ("culture struggle"). Under Bismarck's governance, the Imperial Reichstag was elected by universal male suffrage but did not control government policy. A staunch monarchist, Bismarck inherently distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power concentrated in the hands of the Junker elite. After being dismissed from office by Wilhelm II, Bismarck retired to write his memoirs.
Bismarck is most famous for his role in German unification. He became a hero to German nationalists, who built monuments honouring him. While praised as a visionary who kept the peace in Europe through adroit diplomacy, he is criticized for his persecution of Poles and Catholics as well as the immense power centralized in his office first as Chancellor. He is also criticized by opponents of German nationalism, as it became engrained in German culture, galvanizing the country to aggressively pursue nationalistic policies in both World Wars. Provided by Wikipedia
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Brief an den Nationalrath Herrn S[imeon] Bavier by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898, Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarckbriefe : 1844 - 1870 : Originalbriefe Bismarcks an seine Gemahlin, seine Schwester und Andere / by Bismarck, Otto von 1815-1898, Bismarck, Otto von 1815-1898
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Fürst Bismarck Parteilehren und Volkswohl : Zwölf Kapitel aus der neuesten deutschen Geschichte, Wählern und Politikern zur Erwägung gestellt by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarck, the man and the statesman being the reflections and reminiscences of Otto, Prince von Bismarck written and dictated by himself after his retirement from office by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarck's table-talk by Bismarck, Otto von 1815-1898
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Bismarckbriefe 1844-1870 Originalbriefe Bismarcks an seine Gemahlin, seine Schwester und andere by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarckbriefe 1836-1872 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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<<Das>> Kartenzeichnen als Hilfsmittel des Unterrichts in der Erdkunde eine Anleitung zum Gebrauch der Kartenskizzen und der Skizzenwandtafeln by Bismarck, Otto von 1815-1898
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Politische Briefe Bismarcks aus den Jahren 1849-1889 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Lettres de Bismarck by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Mémoires Authentiques du Prince de Bismarck Pensées et Souvenirs par le Prince de Bismarck by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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<<Die>> politischen Reden des Fürsten Bismarck historisch-kritische Gesammtausgabe by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarckreden 1847-1895 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Lettres politiques confidentielles de M. de Bismarck 1851-1858 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Rede des Reichskanzlers Fürsten Bismarck über das Bündniss zwischen Deutschland und Oesterreich-Ungarn vom 7. Okt. 1879 (Nach dem amtl. stenogr. Bericht über die Reichstags-Verhand... by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Rede ... in der Sitzung des Deutschen Reichstags vom 6. Februar 1888 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Reden des Fürsten Bismarck aus den Jahren 1847-1895 Hg. von Hans Kraemer by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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Bismarckreden 1847-1895 by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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<<Die>> Reden des Grafen von Bismarck-Schönhausen über die Verfassung des Norddeutschen Bundes gehalten im ersten ausserordentlichen Reichstage des Norddeutschen Bundes im März und... by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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<<Die>> Reichstags-Reden des Fürsten Bismarck vom 11. Januar 1887 über die politische Lage Europas by Bismarck, Otto <<von>> 1815-1898
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