Bilhana

Kavi Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet. He is known for his love poem, the ''Caurapañcāśikā''.

According to legend, Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. Bilhana kavi came to rajya for to learn Chandassu . They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'', a fifty-stanza love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Nevertheless, his poem was transmitted orally around India. There are several versions, including ones from South India which had a happy ending; the Kashmiri version does not specify what the outcome was. The ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'' was first translated into a European language, French, in 1848. Subsequently, it was translated several other times. Notable translations are those of Sir Edwin Arnold(London 1896) and Edward Powys Mathers (Oxford, 1919) titled ''Black Marigolds''. This latter version was quoted extensively by John Steinbeck in ''Cannery Row''.

Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune. He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him. But while trekking back through Kalyan, Western Chalukya Empire King Vikramaditya VI appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic ''Vikramankadevacharita''.

Bilhana is from the period of time when Sanskrit continued to be the language of literature, and is a very important poet of Kashmir from the Medieval period of Indian literature.

Chaurapanchasika stands out to become the marker of age. Provided by Wikipedia
1
by Bhartṛhari
Published 1833
Other Authors: '; ...Bilhaṇa...
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2
3
by Bilhana, Vidyapati
Published 1875
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5
by Bilhaṇa
Published 1886
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6
by Bilhaṇa
Published 1886
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7
by Bilhaṇa
Published 1888
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